This paper discusses the updated ISBER Best Practices, which provide standardized guidance for the collection, handling, storage, retrieval, and distribution of biological and environmental specimens.

It emphasises incorporating new technologies and state-of-the-art approaches to ensure high-quality, fit-for-purpose research specimens, and distinguishes between rigid standards and flexible best practices, highlighting that adoption may vary depending on context.

The fourth edition (2018) addresses managerial and technical aspects of repository operations, including governance, regulatory compliance, and ethical, legal, and social considerations. The paper also outlines the revision process and summarises new topics and updates in this edition.